Implement Trie (Prefix Tree)
Difficulty: Medium
Category: DSA
Topics: Hash Table, String, Design, Trie
Asked at: Amazon, Pinterest, Google, Microsoft, Oracle, Facebook, Apple, Goldman Sachs, Qualtrics
A **trie** (pronounced as "try") or **prefix tree** is a tree data structure used to efficiently store and retrieve keys in a dataset of strings. There are various applications of this data structure, such as autocomplete and spellchecker.
Implement the Trie class:
- `Trie()` Initializes the trie object.
- `void insert(String word)` Inserts the string `word` into the trie.
- `boolean search(String word)` Returns `true` if the string `word` is in the trie (i.e., was inserted before), and `false` otherwise.
- `boolean startsWith(String prefix)` Returns `true` if there is a previously inserted string `word` that has the prefix `prefix`, and `false` otherwise.
**Example 1:**
**Input**
["Trie", "insert", "search", "search", "startsWith", "insert", "search"]
[[], ["apple"], ["apple"], ["app"], ["app"], ["app"], ["app"]]
**Output**
[null, null, true, false, true, null, true]
**Explanation**
Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert("apple");
trie.search("apple"); // return True
trie.search("app"); // return False
trie.startsWith("app"); // return True
trie.insert("app");
trie.search("app"); // return True
```
**Constraints:**
- `1 <= word.length, prefix.length <= 2000`
- `word` and `prefix` consist only of lowercase English letters.
- At most `3 * 104` calls **in total** will be made to `insert`, `search`, and `startsWith`.