Minimum Window Substring
Difficulty: Hard
Category: DSA
Topics: Hash Table, String, Sliding Window
Asked at: Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft, Lyft, Apple, LinkedIn, Google, Uber, Bloomberg, Pinterest, Snapchat, Adobe, ByteDance
Given two strings `s` and `t` of lengths `m` and `n` respectively, return _the **minimum window**_ **_substring_**_ of _`s`_ such that every character in _`t`_ (**including duplicates**) is included in the window_. If there is no such substring, return _the empty string _`""`.
The testcases will be generated such that the answer is **unique**.
**Example 1:**
**Input:** s = "ADOBECODEBANC", t = "ABC"
**Output:** "BANC"
**Explanation:** The minimum window substring "BANC" includes 'A', 'B', and 'C' from string t.
```
**Example 2:**
**Input:** s = "a", t = "a"
**Output:** "a"
**Explanation:** The entire string s is the minimum window.
```
**Example 3:**
**Input:** s = "a", t = "aa"
**Output:** ""
**Explanation:** Both 'a's from t must be included in the window.
Since the largest window of s only has one 'a', return empty string.
```
**Constraints:**
- `m == s.length`
- `n == t.length`
- `1 <= m, n <= 105`
- `s` and `t` consist of uppercase and lowercase English letters.
**Follow up:** Could you find an algorithm that runs in `O(m + n)` time?