Product of the Last K Numbers
Difficulty: Medium
Category: DSA
Topics: Array, Math, Design, Data Stream, Prefix Sum
Asked at: ByteDance, Google, Uber
Design an algorithm that accepts a stream of integers and retrieves the product of the last `k` integers of the stream.
Implement the `ProductOfNumbers` class:
- `ProductOfNumbers()` Initializes the object with an empty stream.
- `void add(int num)` Appends the integer `num` to the stream.
- `int getProduct(int k)` Returns the product of the last `k` numbers in the current list. You can assume that always the current list has at least `k` numbers.
The test cases are generated so that, at any time, the product of any contiguous sequence of numbers will fit into a single 32-bit integer without overflowing.
**Example:**
**Input**
["ProductOfNumbers","add","add","add","add","add","getProduct","getProduct","getProduct","add","getProduct"]
[[],[3],[0],[2],[5],[4],[2],[3],[4],[8],[2]]
**Output**
[null,null,null,null,null,null,20,40,0,null,32]
**Explanation**
ProductOfNumbers productOfNumbers = new ProductOfNumbers();
productOfNumbers.add(3); // [3]
productOfNumbers.add(0); // [3,0]
productOfNumbers.add(2); // [3,0,2]
productOfNumbers.add(5); // [3,0,2,5]
productOfNumbers.add(4); // [3,0,2,5,4]
productOfNumbers.getProduct(2); // return 20. The product of the last 2 numbers is 5 * 4 = 20
productOfNumbers.getProduct(3); // return 40. The product of the last 3 numbers is 2 * 5 * 4 = 40
productOfNumbers.getProduct(4); // return 0. The product of the last 4 numbers is 0 * 2 * 5 * 4 = 0
productOfNumbers.add(8); // [3,0,2,5,4,8]
productOfNumbers.getProduct(2); // return 32. The product of the last 2 numbers is 4 * 8 = 32
```
**Constraints:**
- `0 <= num <= 100`
- `1 <= k <= 4 * 104`
- At most `4 * 104` calls will be made to `add` and `getProduct`.
- The product of the stream at any point in time will fit in a **32-bit** integer.
**Follow-up: **Can you implement **both** `GetProduct` and `Add` to work in `O(1)` time complexity instead of `O(k)` time complexity?