Search in Rotated Sorted Array
Difficulty: Medium
Category: DSA
Topics: Array, Binary Search
Asked at: Amazon, Facebook, Microsoft, LinkedIn, Oracle, Apple, Bloomberg, Nvidia, Expedia, Google, Adobe, Zillow, ByteDance, eBay, Cisco, ServiceNow, C3 IoT
There is an integer array `nums` sorted in ascending order (with **distinct** values).
Prior to being passed to your function, `nums` is **possibly rotated** at an unknown pivot index `k` (`1 <= k < nums.length`) such that the resulting array is `[nums[k], nums[k+1], ..., nums[n-1], nums[0], nums[1], ..., nums[k-1]]` (**0-indexed**). For example, `[0,1,2,4,5,6,7]` might be rotated at pivot index `3` and become `[4,5,6,7,0,1,2]`.
Given the array `nums` **after** the possible rotation and an integer `target`, return _the index of _`target`_ if it is in _`nums`_, or _`-1`_ if it is not in _`nums`.
You must write an algorithm with `O(log n)` runtime complexity.
**Example 1:**
**Input:** nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 0
**Output:** 4
```
**Example 2:**
**Input:** nums = [4,5,6,7,0,1,2], target = 3
**Output:** -1
```
**Example 3:**
**Input:** nums = [1], target = 0
**Output:** -1
```
**Constraints:**
- `1 <= nums.length <= 5000`
- `-104 <= nums[i] <= 104`
- All values of `nums` are **unique**.
- `nums` is an ascending array that is possibly rotated.
- `-104 <= target <= 104`