Sort Characters By Frequency
Difficulty: Medium
Category: DSA
Topics: Hash Table, String, Sorting, Heap (Priority Queue), Bucket Sort, Counting
Asked at: Bloomberg, Amazon, Facebook
Given a string `s`, sort it in **decreasing order** based on the **frequency** of the characters. The **frequency** of a character is the number of times it appears in the string.
Return _the sorted string_. If there are multiple answers, return _any of them_.
**Example 1:**
**Input:** s = "tree"
**Output:** "eert"
**Explanation:** 'e' appears twice while 'r' and 't' both appear once.
So 'e' must appear before both 'r' and 't'. Therefore "eetr" is also a valid answer.
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**Example 2:**
**Input:** s = "cccaaa"
**Output:** "aaaccc"
**Explanation:** Both 'c' and 'a' appear three times, so both "cccaaa" and "aaaccc" are valid answers.
Note that "cacaca" is incorrect, as the same characters must be together.
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**Example 3:**
**Input:** s = "Aabb"
**Output:** "bbAa"
**Explanation:** "bbaA" is also a valid answer, but "Aabb" is incorrect.
Note that 'A' and 'a' are treated as two different characters.
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**Constraints:**
- `1 <= s.length <= 5 * 105`
- `s` consists of uppercase and lowercase English letters and digits.