Time Based Key-Value Store
Difficulty: Medium
Category: DSA
Topics: Hash Table, String, Binary Search, Design
Asked at: Oracle, ByteDance, Uber, Apple, Lyft, Sumologic, Google, Atlassian, Microsoft, Twitter, Netflix
Design a time-based key-value data structure that can store multiple values for the same key at different time stamps and retrieve the key's value at a certain timestamp.
Implement the `TimeMap` class:
- `TimeMap()` Initializes the object of the data structure.
- `void set(String key, String value, int timestamp)` Stores the key `key` with the value `value` at the given time `timestamp`.
- `String get(String key, int timestamp)` Returns a value such that `set` was called previously, with `timestamp_prev <= timestamp`. If there are multiple such values, it returns the value associated with the largest `timestamp_prev`. If there are no values, it returns `""`.
**Example 1:**
**Input**
["TimeMap", "set", "get", "get", "set", "get", "get"]
[[], ["foo", "bar", 1], ["foo", 1], ["foo", 3], ["foo", "bar2", 4], ["foo", 4], ["foo", 5]]
**Output**
[null, null, "bar", "bar", null, "bar2", "bar2"]
**Explanation**
TimeMap timeMap = new TimeMap();
timeMap.set("foo", "bar", 1); // store the key "foo" and value "bar" along with timestamp = 1.
timeMap.get("foo", 1); // return "bar"
timeMap.get("foo", 3); // return "bar", since there is no value corresponding to foo at timestamp 3 and timestamp 2, then the only value is at timestamp 1 is "bar".
timeMap.set("foo", "bar2", 4); // store the key "foo" and value "bar2" along with timestamp = 4.
timeMap.get("foo", 4); // return "bar2"
timeMap.get("foo", 5); // return "bar2"
```
**Constraints:**
- `1 <= key.length, value.length <= 100`
- `key` and `value` consist of lowercase English letters and digits.
- `1 <= timestamp <= 107`
- All the timestamps `timestamp` of `set` are strictly increasing.
- At most `2 * 105` calls will be made to `set` and `get`.