Design a Stock Exchange — system design interview guide

Design a Stock Exchange is a depth lesson in the Coordination & Transactions family of the Thita system design course, about 60 minutes long, and reported asked at Jane Street, Citadel, Goldman Sachs.

Raft consensus, distributed locking, saga pattern, and conflict resolution.

It sits on the Deep Dive path — worth reading once the Interview Soon lessons are solid, or when a role names this area explicitly.

The rest of Coordination & Transactions

• Consensus & Locking — Core lesson.
• Distributed Transactions — Core lesson.
• Raft Deep Dive — Depth lesson.
• Gossip & Quorum — Depth lesson.
• Design Ticketmaster — Core lesson, worked case study, about 60 minutes, asked at Amazon, Ticketmaster.
• Design Payment System — Core lesson, worked case study, about 60 minutes, asked at Stripe, PayPal.
• Design Ticketmaster at Scale — Depth lesson, worked case study, about 60 minutes, asked at Meta E5.
• Design Google Docs — Depth lesson, worked case study, about 60 minutes, asked at Google, Microsoft, Notion.
• Design a Stock Exchange — Depth lesson, worked case study, about 60 minutes, asked at Jane Street, Citadel, Goldman Sachs.

Other system design pattern families

• Foundations — The 45-minute interview framework, estimation with modern numbers, and CAP theorem. 6 lessons · about 2 hours · Interview Soon · 1 worked case study.
• Networking & APIs — Protocols (REST, gRPC, WebSocket, SSE), API design, pagination, and idempotency. 5 lessons · about 2 hours · Interview Soon · 1 worked case study.
• Databases — SQL vs NoSQL decision tree, replication, sharding, and indexing strategies. 7 lessons · about 3 hours · Interview Soon · 2 worked case studies.
• Caching — Cache-aside, write-through, failure modes, and when NOT to cache. 5 lessons · about 1.5 hours · Interview Soon · 2 worked case studies.
• Queues & Async — Kafka vs SQS, delivery guarantees, idempotent consumers, and event-driven patterns. 10 lessons · about 1.5 hours · Interview Soon · 5 worked case studies.
• Scalability — Consistent hashing, read vs write scaling, fan-out strategies, and circuit breakers. 7 lessons · about 1.5 hours · Interview Soon · 4 worked case studies.
• Search, Geo & Aggregation — Full-text search, geospatial indexing, stream processing, and probabilistic structures. 9 lessons · about 1.5 hours · Interview Soon · 5 worked case studies.
• Reliability & Operations — Monitoring, observability, deployment strategies, and graceful degradation. 2 lessons · about 3 hours · Deep Dive.
• Security & Auth — OAuth 2.0, JWT vs sessions, API security, and encryption. 2 lessons · about 3 hours · Deep Dive.
• AI Infrastructure — LLM serving, inference batching, RAG pipelines, and vector search at scale. 6 lessons · about 6 hours · Deep Dive · 1 worked case study.
• Real-World Architecture Studies — Deep dives into Discord, Uber, Stripe, Netflix, and Kafka production architectures. 5 lessons · about 4 hours · Deep Dive.

Related interview preparation

• Looking for the practice sheet? — Track your progress against every family as a checklist, with company tags and AI interview practice.
• Low Level Design course — The object-level companion: OOP, SOLID, the design patterns and the machine-coding round.
• DSA patterns course — The coding round: the algorithmic patterns behind the problems asked alongside system design.
• Latency and capacity numbers — The reference table of modern latency, throughput and storage figures used in estimation.
• AI mock interviews — Practise the spoken answer against an interviewer that pushes back on the trade-offs.